Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)-A Narrative Review.

One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A comprehensive review of the literature published in the last ten years was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. The eligible articles were analyzed to identify evidence-based strategies for the management of DS. Despite its multifactorial nature, the leading cause of DS is the development of oral Candida albicans biofilm, which is facilitated by poor oral and denture hygiene, long-term denture wear, ill-fitting dentures, and the porosity of the acrylic resin in the dentures. DS affects between 17 and 75% of the population wearing dentures, with a slight predominance in elderly females. The mucosal denture surfaces and posterior tongue are the common sites of DS, and the affected areas exhibit erythema, the swelling of the palatal mucosa and edema. Oral and denture hygiene protocols, adjusting or re-fabricating poorly adapting dentures, smoking cessation, avoiding nocturnal denture wear, and the administration of topical or systemic antifungals are the mainstay of management. Alternate treatments such as microwave disinfection, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy, and incorporation of antifungals and nanoparticles into denture resins are being evaluated for the treatment of DS but require further evidence before routine use in clinical practice. In summary, DS is the most common oral inflammatory lesion experienced by denture wearers. Most patients with DS can be managed in general dental practice settings. Effective management by general dental practitioners may be supported by a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the clinical presentation, and an awareness of contemporary treatment strategies.

Experimental animal models for denture stomatitis: A methodological review.

Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasis and the most frequent oral lesion in removable prosthesis wearers. It is characterized by an inflammatory response of the denture-bearing mucosa, especially the palatal mucosa, and its clinical signs include chronic edema and erythema, and papillary hyperplasia. Despite having a multifactorial etiology, its main etiological agent is the infection by Candida albicans. Given its high treatment failure rates, an in vivo model of denture stomatitis should be established to test alternative treatments. The aim of this study is to review the existing denture stomatitis models and to provide an overview of the main methodological differences between them. Over the last 40 years, different animal models were developed in order to study denture stomatitis etiopathogenesis and to assess novel therapies. Many approaches, including the use of antibiotics and immunosuppressors, have to be further investigated in order to establish which protocol is more appropriate and effective for the development of an animal model of denture stomatitis.

Denture Hygiene as It Relates to Denture Stomatitis: A Review.

The wear of dentures carries with it the possibility of an inflammatory response by the denture-bearing tissues. Lack of or improper hygiene has been shown to contribute to denture stomatitis (DS). Although essential, denture hygiene is often overlooked by patients or performed improperly. As professional caregivers dentists must instruct patients and ensure that they understand the relevance and importance of denture hygiene. In light of this, the authors conducted a critical review of the literature on protocols and procedures to highlight the importance of denture hygiene and clinically show the effects of lack of denture care. A literature search was done through Google, PubMed, and Google Scholar that focused on publications published in English that dealt with denture hygiene and the disinfection process and on the protocols used. Relevant articles for protocols for denture disinfections were reviewed, and the results of different disinfection techniques were assessed, including manual, chemical, microwave, and a combination of techniques. The authors conclude that dentists must take time to instruct patients on proper denture disinfection procedures and the importance of cleaning the dentures well at least once daily. Denture hygiene and removal prior to sleeping is beneficial in preventing DS and allowing the tissue to achieve a state of homeostasis.

Lesiones paraprotésicas en pacientes geriátricos portadores de prótesis removibles / Paraprosthetic lesions in geriatric patients with removable prostheses / Lesões paraprotéticas em pacientes geriátricos com próteses removíveis

RESUMEN Introducción: Los pacientes geriátricos portadores de prótesis removible con frecuencia presentan lesiones paraprotésicas que repercuten en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar los tipos de lesiones paraprotésicas en pacientes geriátricos portadores de prótesis removibles. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo en 97 pacientes de cualquier sexo, mayores de 60 años, portadores de prótesis removible, que acudieron a la Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial "Dr. Justo Ortelio Pestana Lorenzo" de Sancti Spíritus, por presentar algún tipo de lesión en la mucosa bucal, desde enero de 2019 hasta febrero de 2020. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico-matemático para el estudio de las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de lesión. Resultados: El 49,5 % del universo correspondió a pacientes de 60 a 69 años y el 66 % del sexo femenino. Las lesiones paraprotésicas más frecuentes fueron la estomatitis subprótesis (55,6 %) y las úlceras traumáticas (31,9 %). Conclusiones: Las lesiones de la mucosa bucal asociadas al uso de prótesis removible fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres. La estomatitis subprótesis fue la lesión paraprotésica que predominó, seguida de la úlcera traumática y épulis fisurado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Geriatric patients with removable prostheses often present paraprosthetic lesions that have an unfavorable impact on their quality of life. Objective: To identify the type of paraprosthetic lesions in geriatric patients with removable prostheses. Method: An observational and descriptive study in a total of 97 patients with removable prostheses, no specific sex, and over 60 years of age, was carried out. All patients studied were presented to the Clínica Estomatológica Docente Provincial "Dr. Justo Ortelio Pestana Lorenzo" in Sancti Spíritus, from January 2019 throughout February 2020, with any type of oral lesions. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were used to study the following variables: age, sex, type of lesions. Results: The 49.5% of the total of patients studied were 60 to 69 years old and 66% were female. Most common paraprosthetic lesions found were the subprosthetic stomatitis (55.6%) and traumatic ulcers (31.9%). Conclusions: The oral lesions related to removable prostheses were most common in females. The subprosthetic stomatitis was the most predominant followed by the traumatic ulcer and fissured epulis.

RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes geriátricos com próteses removíveis freqüentemente apresentam lesões paraprotéticas que afetam sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de lesões paraprotéticas em pacientes geriátricos com próteses removíveis. Método: Foi realizado um estudo observacional e descritivo em 97 pacientes de ambos os sexos, maiores de 60 anos, com próteses removíveis, atendidos na Clínica Provincial de Ensino de Estomatologia "Dr. Justo Ortelio Pestana Lorenzo "de Sancti Spíritus, por apresentar algum tipo de lesão na mucosa oral, de janeiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Foram utilizados métodos de nível teórico, empírico e estatístico-matemático para estudar as variáveis: idade, sexo, tipo de lesão. Resultados: 49,5% do universo corresponderam a pacientes de 60 a 69 anos e 66% ao sexo feminino. As lesões paraprotéticas mais frequentes foram estomatite subprotética (55,6%) e úlceras traumáticas (31,9%). Conclusões: As lesões da mucosa oral associadas ao uso de próteses removíveis foram mais frequentes nas mulheres. A estomatite subprotética foi a lesão paraprotética predominante, seguida por úlcera traumática e epúlide fissurada.

Caracterización de la estomatitis subprotésica en portadores de prótesis removible en clínicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Ecuador / Characterization of subprosthetic stomatitis in patients with removable prosthesis. San Gregorio de Portoviejo University

RESUMEN Introducción: La estomatitis subprotésica es un proceso inflamatorio de la mucosa bucal que se encuentra cubierta por una prótesis removible, de causa multifactorial y alta prevalencia. Objetivo: Caracterizar la estomatitis subprotésica en pacientes portadores de prótesis removible atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo en el período marzo-noviembre de 2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con los criterios de inclusión siguientes: mayores de 18 años, ambos sexos, buen estado de salud general, no practicar hábitos tóxicos, usar prótesis removible, total o parcial, confeccionada de acrílico o metales. Todos los sujetos de la investigación firmaron el consentimiento informado antes de realizarles la historia clínica de odontología del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador de donde se extrajeron los datos sociodemográficos, signos clínicos y características de la prótesis. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 100 pacientes. El 45 %, presentaba signos clínicos de estomatitis subprotésica; predominó el sexo femenino con el 33 % y el grupo de edad de 40 a 59 años con un 26 %. La mayoría de las prótesis no se ajustan ni adaptan de manera correcta, y tienen un mal estado físico, en el 80, 82,2 y el 91 %, respectivamente. El 84,4 % de los pacientes utilizaba prótesis parcial removible, confeccionadas con acrílico, por un periodo de 1 a 6 años en el 60 % de los casos. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de estomatitis subprotésica se asocia con el mal estado físico, desajuste e inadecuada adaptación de las prótesis removibles, lo que indica la necesidad de la institución para el establecimiento de estrategias docentes hacia la comunidad para su prevención y diagnóstico temprano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Subprosthetic stomatitis is an inflammatory process of the mucosa in the oral cavity covered by a removable prosthesis, with a multifactorial cause and high prevalence. Objective: To characterize subprosthetic stomatitis in patients with removable prosthesis treated at the dental clinics of San Gregorio University in Portoviejo in the period March-November 2019. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years old, both sexes, good general health, no toxic habits, use of removable prosthesis, total or partial, made of acrylic or metals. All the patients involved in the research signed their consent, information given to them before taking their dental records taken by the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, from which socio-demographic data, clinical signs and characteristics of the prosthesis were extracted. Results: 100 patients were evaluated. Forty-five per cent showed clinical signs of subprosthetic stomatitis; the female sex (33%) predominated and the age group 40-59 years with (26%). Most of the prosthesis did not fit or adapt correctly and were in poor physical condition in 80%, 82.2% and 91% respectively. 84.4% of the patients used removable partial prosthesis, made of acrylic, for a period of 1 to 6 years, (60%) of the cases. Conclusions: The diagnosis of subprosthetic stomatitis is associated with poor physical condition, maladjustment and inadequate adaptation of removable prostheses, which indicates the need for the institution to establish educational strategies towards the community for prevention and early diagnosis.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la estomatitis subprótesis. Clínica de Especialidades, Bayamo. 1er Semestre. 2017 / Risk factors associated with stomatitis subprosthesis. Specialty Clinic, Bayamo. 1st semester. 2017

La instalación de cualquier tipo de prótesis estomatológica, produce necesariamente cambios en el medio bucal, que lo obligan a reaccionar para adaptarse a la nueva situación. Entre lasmodificaciones no fisiológicas que pueden aparecer está la estomatitis subprótesis. Se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de determinar posible asociación de algunos factores de riesgos con la aparición de estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes de 35-44 años ingresados en el servicio de atención primaria de la Clínica Estomatológica, durante el primer semestre del año 2017. Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles. Se utilizó una muestra de 66 pacientes; en el grupo casos con 22 y el grupo control con 44, todos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En los pacientes estudiados se observó predominio en el grupo de casos de pacientes con prótesis desajustadas (86.4 por ciento) y en los controles el (95.5 por ciento) de pacientes con prótesis ajustadas. Se concluye que la morbilidad se relacionó principalmente con el desajuste de las prótesis y con el uso inadecuado y sin descanso del aparato protésico(AU)

The installation of any type of stomatological prosthesis, necessarily produces changes in the oral environment, which force him to react to adapt to the new situation. Among the nonphysiological modifications that may appear is the subprosthesis stomatitis. This work was carried out in order to determine possible association of some risk factors with the appearance of stomatitis subprosthesis in patients aged 35-44 years admitted to the primary care service of the Stomatology Clinic, during the first semester of 2017. He carried out an analytical study of cases and controls. A sample of 66 patients was used; in the group cases with 22 and the control group with 44, all met the inclusion criteria. In the patients studied, predominance was observed in the case group of patients with misaligned prostheses (86.4 percent) and in the controls (95.5 percent) of patients with adjusted prostheses. It is concluded that the morbidity was mainly related to the mismatch of the prosthesis and to the improper use and without rest of the prosthetic device(EU)

Algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la estomatitis subprótesis / Some risk factors associated with stomatitis subprosthesis

Introducción: la estomatitis subprótesis es la inflamación de la mucosa bucal que está en contacto con la prótesis; generalmente se localiza en el paladar duro y es casi invariablemente asintomática. Constituye un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial y es de etiología multifactorial. Objetivo: identificar la posible asociación de algunos factores de riesgo con la aparición de estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes de 45-59 años de edad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico observacional tipo casos y controles en la Clínica de Especialidades Estomatológicas desde Septiembre del 2016 hasta Marzo del 2018. El universo estuvo constituido por 981 pacientes y la muestra por 96 individuos, 32 casosy 64 controles. Se utilizó la regresión logística binaria o análisis univariado. Las variables empleadas fueron edad, sexo, estomatitis subprótesis,prótesis desajustadas, higiene inadecuada y el no descanso del uso de la aparatología. Resultados: el grupo de edad de 52-59 años y el sexo femenino fueron los más afectados por estomatitis subprótesis. La prótesis desajustada, la higiene inadecuada y el no descanso del uso de la aparatología constituyeron factores de riesgo altamente significativos(AU)

Introduction: the subprosthesis stomatitis is the inflammation of the buccal mucosa that is in contact with the prosthesis; It is usually located on the hard palate and is almost invariably asymptomatic. It is an important health problem worldwide and is of multifactorial etiology. Objective: to identify the possible association of some risk factors with the appearance of subprosthesis stomatitis in patients aged 45-59 years. Methods: an observational analytical study of cases and controls wascarried out in the Stomatological Specialist Clinic from September 2016 to March 2018. The universe was made up of 981 patients and was studied by 96 individuals, 32 cases and 64 controls. We used binary logistic regression or univariate analysis. The variables used were age, sex, stomatitis, sub-prosthesis, misaligned prosthesis, inadequate hygiene and no rest from the use of the appliance. Results: the age group of 52-59 years and the female sex were the most affected by stomatitis subprosthesis. Improper prosthesis, inadequate hygiene and not resting from the use of the appliance constituted highly significant risk factors(EU)

Topical oral wound healing potential of anthocyanin complex: animal and clinical studies.

AIM: An anthocyanin complex (AC), combined Zea mays and Clitoria ternatea extracts, was evaluated for topical oral wound healing in rats and a clinical trial in orthodontic patients. METHODS/RESULTS: AC enhanced anthocyanin permeation in vitro. In rats, 10% w/w of AC in a mucoadhesive gel (AG) reduced erythema and sizes of oral wounds after topical applications at higher extent than its placebo gel. Acute orthodontic wounds in 68 volunteers were randomly assigned to topically receive either AG or placebo gel and double-blind assessed. Wound size reduction and wound closure enhancement were obvious in AG-treated group on day 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: At 10% w/w, AC promoted wound closure and possessed a potential in healing stimulation of acute oral wounds.

Denture Stomatitis: Causes, Cures and Prevention.

Removable dentures are worn by 20% of the UK population and two thirds of these individuals have denture stomatitis. Poor oral hygiene is commonplace among this group, as is smoking and xerostomia, which also contribute to the development of denture stomatitis. A complex polymicrobial biofilm is able to proliferate on the surface of denture materials and matures to form visible denture plaque. This denture plaque biofilm stimulates a local inflammatory process that is detectable clinically as erythema, and hyperplasia. Systemically, denture plaque represents a potential risk factor for systemic disease, in particular aspiration pneumonia. Respiratory pathogens have been detected in the denture plaque and overnight denture wear has been linked to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. There is a general lack of evidence on the adequate management of denture stomatitis and we present a protocol for use in the primary care setting.

Surface Roughness Changes in Denture Liners in Denture Stomatitis Patients.

PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial assessed how surface roughness (Ra) in resilient liners was affected by soft tissue health conditions and time-related aspects in patients with complete dentures. METHODS: Specimens of acrylic resin (control) and denture liners (silicone-based or acrylic resin-based) were inserted into the dentures of patients with and without denture stomatitis (n = 30). Ra was evaluated before denture insertion and after 7, 14, and 21 days of prosthesis wearing. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Patients with stomatitis showed a higher Ra (P < .001), while all liners presented rougher surfaces after 14 days of clinical service, irrespective of the soft tissue health condition. CONCLUSION: Ra of the tested denture liners was increased in patients with denture stomatitis. It is presumed that a longer wearing period will result in rougher surfaces.

MicroRNA sequence analysis identifies microRNAs associated with peri-implantitis in dogs.

Peri-implantitis, which is characterized by dense inflammatory infiltrates and increased osteoclast activity, can lead to alveolar bone destruction and implantation failure. miRNAs participate in the regulation of various inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in canine peri-implantitis and to explore the functions of their target genes. An miRNA sequence analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in peri-implantitis. Under the criteria of a fold-change >1.5 and P<0.01, 8 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated miRNAs were selected for predictions of target genes and their biological functions. Based on the results of Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses, these miRNAs may fine-tune the inflammatory process in peri-implantitis through an intricate mechanism. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that let-7g, miR-27a, and miR-145 may play important roles in peri-implantitis and are worth further investigation. The results of the present study provide insights into the potential biological effects of the differentially expressed miRNAs, and specific enrichment of target genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was observed. These findings highlight the intricate and specific roles of miRNAs in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, both of which are key aspects of peri-implantitis, and thus may contribute to future investigations of the etiology, underlying mechanism, and treatment of peri-implantitis.

Contact stomatitis.

Contact stomatitis occurs in up to 10% of the population. Mechanical or chemical irritation, ill-fitting dentures, and dental fillings can induce irritant contact stomatitis. Type I hypersensitivity and type IV hypersensitivity to dental products and foods are frequently responsible for the allergic types of contact stomatitis. We review the causal agents of contact stomatitis, the differential diagnoses, diagnostic testing, and potential treatment.

Denture-induced stomatitis and associated factors in a group of patients attending a university dental hospital in Sri Lanka.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate factors associated with denture-induced stomatitis (DIS) among denture wearers and their oral and hand carriage of Candida. METHODS: Sociodemographics and denture and oral hygiene practices were investigated using an interviewer-administered questionnaire in denture wearers with DIS (n = 60) and without DIS (n = 60) selected using a convenience sampling of patients attending the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Denture and oral hygiene practices and denture quality were scored. DIS and denture hygiene were classified. Oral and hand carriage of Candida was assessed. RESULTS: Middle-aged females were more prone to DIS. The most common DIS pattern was Newton type ΙΙ. The mean age of existing denture of DIS patients was significantly higher than the control. Denture hygiene practice was significantly low in DIS patients. Poor denture hygiene practice and sleep wear of dentures were significantly associated with DIS. The risk of Candida hand carriage in a DIS patient carrying oral Candida was significantly higher than the risk of Candida hand carriage in a healthy denture wearer who carried oral Candida. CONCLUSION: Old dentures, poor denture hygiene, and sleep wear of dentures might contribute to DIS. Oral Candida in denture wearers could lead to Candida hand carriage.

Comportamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes con prótesis dental superior / Behaviour of sub prosthesis stomatitis in patients with upper dental prosthesis

Fundamento: La estomatitis subprótesis es una de las afecciones más frecuentes en pacientes portadores de prótesis dental y constituye un factor de riesgo para la aparición de lesiones premalignas y malignas de la cavidad bucal.Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes con prótesis dental superior.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de todos los pacientes portadores de prótesis dental superior (N=61) que acudieron a la consulta a causa de estomatitis subprótesis, en el periodo de septiembre 2014 a septiembre 2015. Se analizaron las variables: grupos de edades, sexo, grado de la lesión, estado de la prótesis, hábitos nocivos, ubicación de la lesión y frecuencia de las visitas al estomatólogo.Resultados: predominó el grupo de adultos mayores (54,1 %), y el grado II de la estomatitis subprótesis, representado por el 77 %. Se observaron prótesis desajustadas en la mayoría de los pacientes, y las lesiones se localizaron con más frecuencia en zona mixta. Los hábitos nocivos más frecuentes fueron el uso continuo y la higiene bucal deficiente. El 85,2 % de los pacientes plantearon que visitaron al estomatólogo solo cuando sintieron molestias.Conclusión: algunos resultados denotan el desconocimiento de los pacientes acerca de este padecimiento, entre ellos la alta frecuencia de hábitos nocivos como el uso continuo de la prótesis y la higiene bucal deficiente, factores que condicionan la aparición de estomatitis subprótesis(AU)

Foundation: Sub prosthesis stomatitis is one of the most frequent affections in patients who wear dental prosthesis and constitutes a risk factor for the appearance of pre malignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity.Objective: To describe the behaviour of sub prosthesis stomatitis in patients with upper dental prosthesis.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out, of all the patients who wear upper dental prosthesis (N=61) who came to the consultation due to sub prosthesis stomatitis, in the period from September 2014 to September 2015. The variables analyzed were: Age groups, sex, degree of the lesion, state of the prosthesis, toxic habits, location of the lesion and frequency of visits to the dentist.Results: Old adults predominated (54.1%) and sub prosthesis Stomatitis degree II, represented by 77%. Unadjusted prosthesis was observed in most patients and the lesions were located more frequently in mix zones. The most frequent toxic habits were continuous use and deficient oral hygiene. 85.2% of the patients reported to have visited the dentist only when they felt discomforts.Conclusion: Some results show patients ignorance about this ailment, among them a high frequency of toxic habits so as the use of continuous use of prosthesis and deficient oral hygiene, factors which condition the appearance of sub prosthesis stomatitis(AU)

[PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GROUNDS LANDFORMS BASIS PLATE DENTURES WHEN APPLYING THE COMPLEX METHOD OF PREVENTION OF PROSTHETIC STOMATITIS].

Objective - to develop the form of the drug reservoir to hold the vegetable oils under the basis of the prosthesis. The research was conducted on the Bench PMMA samples. The comparison group consisted of smooth plate PMMA. Two study groups were PMMA plates with grooves on one side of a square with sides of 2 mm and depth of channel - 1 mm. The third group consisted of the experimental plate with diamond-shaped notches with the same parameters. The lowest value of the stress in the plate having a rhombic grid, they are 54% less than in the smooth plate and 37% less than in the plate with a square lattice (the best strength characteristics in a rhombic plate with grille). Equivalent move from the plate with a rhombic lattice is less than an order of magnitude than that of a smooth plate and by 5.8% more than at the plate with a square lattice, which indicates good performance design plasticity with rhombic grid. Basis with the rhombic lattice on the surface has the best record on the stress-strain state in comparison with other models considered (smooth plate with a square lattice plate).

Role of antifungal medicaments added to tissue conditioners: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this review is to investigate the current state of knowledge on the incorporation of antifungal agents into the tissue conditioners for the treatment of denture induced stomatitis. STUDY SELECTION: Studies reporting the incorporation of antifungal/antimicrobial agents in to tissue conditioners were included in the review. In order to search the studies on the topic "incorporation of antifungal agents in tissue conditioners for the treatment of denture induced stomatitis" ISI web of science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google-Scholar databases were searched from 1970 up to and including July 2015 using various keywords such as antifungal agents, tissue conditioners, Candida albicans, denture stomatitis, etc. RESULTS: Various studies reported the efficacy and effectiveness of adding conventional organic antifungal medicines (nystatin, azole group derivatives and chlorhexidine, antimicrobials/antifungals other than organic (silver zeolite, silver nano-particles, photo-catalysts and metallic oxides) and natural and herbal antimicrobials (tea tree oil, lemongrass essential oil and origanum oil) into various tissue conditioners. The review literature reported that incorporation of antifungal agents into tissue conditioners is effective with minimal or no effects on physical and mechanical properties of tissue conditioners. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of different antifungal medicaments to commercially available tissue conditioners can be recommended for the management of denture induced stomatitis.

The Prevalence of Oral Inflammation Among Denture Wearing Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Oral inflammation is an important contributor to the etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can impact patient's health status. Previous studies indicate that people with poor oral health are at higher risk for nosocomial pneumonia. Denture wearing is one promoting factor in the development of mucosal infections. Colonization of the denture plaque by Gram-negative bacteria, Candida spp., or other respiratory pathogens, occurring locally, may be aspirated to the lungs. The studies showed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated with combinations of medicines with corticosteroids more frequently suffer from Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Treatment of oral candidiasis in patients with COPD constitutes a therapeutic problem. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the condition of oral mucosal membrane and denture hygiene habits. The guidelines for care and maintenance of dentures for COPD patients are presented in this paper. The majority of patients required improvement of their prosthetic and oral hygiene. Standard oral hygiene procedures in relation to dentures, conducted for prophylaxis of stomatitis complicated by mucosal infection among immunocompromised patients, are essential to maintain healthy oral tissues. The elimination of traumatic denture action in dental office, compliance with oral and denture hygiene, proper use and storage of prosthetic appliances in a dry environment outside the oral cavity can reduce susceptibility to infection. Proper attention to hygiene, including brushing and rinsing the mouth, may also help prevent denture stomatitis in these patients.

Association between Oral Mucosal Lesions and Hygiene Habits in a Population of Removable Prosthesis Wearers.

PURPOSE: This prospective study evaluated the influence of self-reported prosthesis hygiene regimens and prosthesis usage habits on the presence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in complete removable and/or partial removable dental (CRDP/PRDP) prosthesis wearers (PWs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and January 2011, the conventional oral mucosa of 400 consecutive PWs (252 women; 148 men), aged between 29 and 86 years, were examined clinically. Information was derived considering the type and age of the prosthesis, hygiene level, frequency and style of prosthesis cleaning, overnight prosthesis use, storage conditions, and systemic diseases. Non-prosthesis- and prosthesis-related OMLs were identified. The data were analyzed using univariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) tests to assess the development of OMLs as a function of the selected variables. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence intervals (CI; α = 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 400 PWs, 21.5% had CRDP, 52.5% PRDP, and 25.8% CRD/PRD prostheses. Thirty-two percent of the PWs cleaned their prosthesis once a day. Brushing the prosthesis with toothbrush and soap/toothpaste was the most commonly practiced cleaning regimen (85.8%). More than half (64.5%) of the PWs used their prosthesis overnight. Among all PWs, 37.8% had a prosthesis-related OML. Stomatitis Newton Type II (46%) and Type III (38%) were the most common OMLs. OML frequency was higher in PWs having CRDPs than those having PRDPs (p < 0.05). Overnight prosthesis use (p = 0.003, OR: 13.65; 95% CI: 1.7-109.3), denture age ≥11 years (p = 0.017, OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7), and immersion in water and solution (p = 0.023, OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.02-1.02) affected the incidence of OML significantly. Hypertension was the most common systemic disease (31.5%). CONCLUSION: Overnight use, denture age, and storage conditions of CRDP or PRDPs demonstrated a more significant impact on OML incidence than frequency of cleaning. Oral healthcare programs for removable PWs should specifically provide education on prosthesis usage instructions.

Candida albicans importance to denture wearers. A literature review.

Opportunistic oral fungal infections have spred, especially in denture wearers. Denture stomatitis is a common inflammatory reaction, multifactorial etiology, which is usually associated with Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, due to its high virulence, ability to adhere and form biofilms on oral cavity tissues and denture surfaces. This article highlights the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management strategies of Candida-associated denture stomatitis commonly encountered in dental practice.

Role of salivary and candidal proteins in denture stomatitis: an exploratory proteomic analysis.

Denture stomatitis, inflammation and redness beneath a denture, affects nearly half of all denture wearers. Candidal organisms, the presence of a denture, saliva, and host immunity are the key etiological factors for the condition. The role of salivary proteins in denture stomatitis is not clear. In this study 30 edentulous subjects wearing a maxillary complete denture were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva from each subject was collected and pooled into two groups (n = 15 each), healthy and stomatitis (Newton classification II and III). Label-free multidimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) proteomics on two mass spectrometry platforms were used to determine peptide mass differences between control and stomatitis groups. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the differential expression among the groups. The two proteomic platforms identified 97 and 176 proteins (ANOVA; p < 0.01) differentially expressed among the healthy, type 2 and 3 stomatitis groups. Three proteins including carbonic anhydrase 6, cystatin C, and cystatin SN were found to be the same as previous study. Salivary proteomic profiles of patients with denture stomatitis were found to be uniquely different from controls. Analysis of protein components suggests that certain salivary proteins may predispose some patients to denture stomatitis while others are believed to be involved in the reaction to fungal infection. Analysis of candidal proteins suggests that multiple species of candidal organisms play a role in denture stomatitis.